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Musset, enfant terrible of Romanticism

Childhood

Empire was at its height when born in Paris in December 1810, Alfred de Musset in an old aristocratic family, his father is a scholar, he is the author of a history of life and works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

He and his older brother Paul, a happy childhood and pampered. It is entrusted to the age of nine years a tutor and then entered the College Henri IV where he was a brilliant student. He won first prize in French essay and the second prize Latin essay contest general in 1827. He becomes the friend of the Duc de Chartres, son of the future King Louis-Philippe, and Paul Foucher, brother of Victor Hugo, who will introduce the Cenacle romantic.

passionate young man, Alfred de Musset is also a poet early, in September 1827 he wrote in a letter to Paul Foucher: "I would not write or I would be Schiller and Shakespeare."

artist

Sometimes called "the enfant terrible of Romanticism," independent spirit, however Musset embodies the evil of the century romantic. His poetic, dramatic and romantic eats his unfortunate experiences. It also makes the idea that suffering is needed to create poetic (cf. "The Pelican" in the May Night ).

His collection of poems (Stories from Spain and Italy, is well received by critics but its his play The Venetian Night, played the next year is a failure.

Like many of his heroes, ( octave in Les Caprices ... , Lorenzo Lorenzaccio ), Musset practice of debauchery and intemperance. Anticlerical, he had said, the religion of love. His connections were numerous and varied but still intense. " In whatever place I was, says the hero of Confession of a child of the century, some occupation that I forced myself, I could think only of women: the sight of a woman made me tremble ... However, I thought only women and I no longer believed in the possibility of true love . "

This contradiction is at the heart of many works of the author and his" failures "in love. Many women through the life of Musset. Each time, it was elation and heartbreak. Met in 1833, George Sand was at that time, as Musset, "Infamous" in the words of Philip Soupault. Their love, emblematic of Romanticism was a long series moments of grace and heartbreak, places of choice (the forest of Fontainebleau and Venice ...) and passionate letters. "No man ever loved as I love you, Alfred wrote to George, I'm lost, you see, I'm drowned, flooded with love ... you have another lover, I know. J ' but die in love, love. "

In the years following this link, Musset published his masterpieces No Trifling with Love and Lorenzaccio in 1834, the May Night and the Night of December (two poems) in 1835 and Confession of a Child of the Century (novel about the evil of the century) in 1836.

The decline

From 1840 the literary production of Musset seems to dry up. His health is deteriorating and neurasthenia (depression) are increasing. His excesses there are probably no strangers.

Moreover, the indifference he now meets with critics and artists, although, after many failures, elected to the French Academy in 1852, probably contributes to his dejection.

The writers of the generation, regard him as the symbol of the excesses of romanticism (excess pathetic emphasis ...).

"I've never been able to endure this master of the dandies, the impudence of a spoiled child who relies on the Heaven and Hell for the adventures of breakfast, the muddy torrent of grammar and prosody" , wrote Baudelaire without indulgence.

Only a few dramatic late success, from the representation of a whim in 1847, will inform a purpose of existence was probably, as stated in his best friend Alfred Tattet, "a hideous suicide." Musset died in 1857, he was forty-seven. According to his vow, he will be buried in Pere-Lachaise in the protective shadow a willow.

Biographical greatly inspired by a dam Etienne Calais No Trifling with Love, Alfred de Musset , et al. "Tags", Nathan, 1992.

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Subject of duty, "Old Piano" Nelligan Nelligan

The soul trembles over at this old instrument;
Its lid down gives it a dark
Relegated the show, he sleeps in the shade
This misanthropic embittered isolation.

I still remember the night without number
What my mother played me , and I'm thinking, crying,
At these evenings once - passed in the dark,
When Liszt and Beethoven said sad dying.

O old piano ebony image of my life,
Like you happiness my poor soul is delighted,
You lack an artist, I have the Ideal ;

Yet where you sleep, my only joy in the world,
Who will be reborn, oh distress,
From your keyboard funeral a triumphant concert?

Nelligan Poems, 1904

1 / What are the images used in the first stanza?

2 / What is the sentiment expressed in the second stanza?

3 / What analogy he establishes the poet of the piano and him in the first triplet?

4 / What is the type of sentence, the poet uses does it take to close his poem? Why?

5 / Raise the lexical field of melancholy.

6 / What is close to the text he principles romantic?

7 / rhymes How are they arranged in quatrains? In the triplets? The sonnet is it regular?

8 / Raise a subordinate CTC and rewrite the sentence that contains it by replacing the conditional by a CCT of a different nature.

9 / What is the grammatical function of the groups highlighted.

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Old Piano

1 / The piano is personified, the poet lends "a" soul "that does" shuddered over "and a" dark side ". Personification is developed in the following quatrain and the piano becomes a metaphor for "embittered misanthrope" and isolated.

2 / In the second quatrain, the poet expresses his longing: he remembers the "night" and that his mother was crying at the mention of this memory. The "night of the past" are associated with music of Liszt and Beethoven , itself responsible for melancholy.

3 / The parallelism of the last verse ("You lack an artist, I have the ideal") stresses that, like the piano, the poet suffers from a lack. If the piano does not play, because as a pianist, artist mourns the loss of an ideal that gives him the strength to create the music of the instrument thus symbolically refers to the creation of the poet.

4 / The poem ends with a question: "Who will be reborn, O deep distress, / From your keyboard funeral a triumphant concert?" With this question the poet wonders if the instrument can still play so if it even still be able to write.

5 / The term "dark", "embittered misanthrope", "weeping", "poor soul", "Missing", "deep distress" is a lexical field of melancholy.

6 / The tone of the text is romantic, it is a lyric poem that evokes a melancholy, somewhat similar to the "mal du siecle" suffered by the Romantic poets, the dream to reconnect with an "ideal" ("You lack an artist, I have the ideal.") is also characteristic the sensitivity of the romantic hero.

7 / The rhymes are embraced in the first quatrain, crossed into the second stanza, they are followed and embraced in the triplets. The fact that the second quatrain uses rhymes prevents regarded the sonnet as a regular sonnet.

8 / "When Liszt is sad and said dying Beethoven" is the subject CTC. Can be substituted with a gerund (present participle) " Lizst saying sad dying Beethoven."

9 / Relegated the show: detached epithet of "he" (the piano)

What I was playing my mother: Completion of the antecedent "night"

At these nights past: IOC dream.