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Parnassus (1)

I. Definition

In Greek mythology, Parnassus is the residence of Apollo and the nine muses. In reference to this sacred place, a symbol of inspiration that a group of poets of the second half of the nineteenth century is named after "Parnassus." Those poets who reject the romanticism, want a modern design based on formal perfection and release of excessive lyrical.

II. The sources of movement

Two poets serve as a model for the younger generation Parnassian: Théodore de Banville who in The Caryatids (1842), moves the lyrical inspiration in the heart of ancient Greece and especially Theophile Gautier, with Enamels and Cameos (1852), illustrates a doctrine of "art for art's sake": "It n ' are really nice as what can only be used for anything and everything that is useful is ugly, because it is the expression of some need, and those of man are ignoble, as its poor and infirm nature. "

III. Aesthetics of Parnassus

Around Leconte de Lisle, who became a leader (he gets in his youth Parnassians Fair Boulevard des Invalides) is slowly emerging doctrine Parnassian.

A. Lyricism tempered

With "Showmen" condemns the lyrical master by assimilating a fair show for the vulgar. :

Like a dull animal, bruised, dusty,
chain around his neck, screaming warm summer sun, Walk through
who wants her heart bleeding on your stone
cynical, carnivorous rabble O!

To put a fire in your eye sterile dazed
beg for your pity or your laughter rude
Who wants to tear the dress light
From divine modesty and lust. In my pride

mute inglorious in my grave,
Even if I swallow me forever black,
I do not sell you my pain and my drunkenness,

I do not indulge my life your boos,
I will not dance on your ordinary trestle
histrions With your and your prostitutes.

Leconte de Lisle, "The Showmen" , barbarians Poems, 1862.

If not reject absolutely the lyricism, he advocated an aesthetic of modesty and defends a conception aristocratic poetry based on the refusal of the ease and excitement of beauty.

ill. Portrait of Leconte de Lisle by Jacques Leonard Blanquer